MRCPCH Higher Specialist Trainee in Neonatology

Preterm newborn infants are vulnerable to a number of problems due to the immaturity of various organ systems. Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is one such problem, thought to be due to immaturity of the cardiorespiratory centre. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of AOP is not fully understood, there have been concerns that recurrent apnoeic episodes, particularly those accompanied by bradycardia, may cause adverse neurological outcomes. Several interventions have been used to alleviate apnoea in preterm infants – caffeine citrate is the most commonly used therapy.